In the realm of substances, a captivating interplay exists between tranquil motion and the turbulent forces of turbulence. When a liquid flows smoothly, it exhibits graceful patterns, reminiscent of a flowing river. Molecules navigate in an orderly fashion, their interactions subtle. This peaceful state is known as equilibrium. But when exter

Thomson's Plum Pudding model, while groundbreaking for its time, faced several shortcomings as scientists acquired a deeper understanding of atomic structure. One major limitation was its inability to account for the results of Rutherford's gold foil experiment. The model assumed that alpha particles would travel through the plum pudding with minim